Variations in the Cross-Sectional Shape of the Apical Thirds of the Root Canals in Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of cross-sectional variations in the apical thirds of the root canals in maxillary and mandibular teeth. Material and Methods: Eighty tooth samples (maxillary second premolar, maxillary first molar, and mandibular first molar) were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The apical third area of each root canal was sectioned and the maximum and minimum diameters were calculated from the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters. The shapes were categorized as a round, oval, long oval, and flat based on the ratios obtained. Results: The most common shape of the apical third of the root canals in the maxillary second premolars was oval (66.7%), followed by long oval (24.6%), flat (7%), and round (1.7%). The corresponding values in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars were oval (68.2%), long oval (22.7%), flat (9.1%), 94.1% of the distobuccal roots were oval, while the remaining were long oval (5.9%). All the palatal root canals were oval. In the mesiobuccal root of the mandibular first molars, 47.4% were long oval in shape, followed by 36.8% oval and 15.8% flat canals. All the mesiolingual root canals were oval, whereas, in the distal root, 68.4% were oval, 21.1% long oval, and 10.5% were flat. Conclusion: The oval shape was most commonly observed in the majority of the root canals. Knowledge about the apical anatomy of the root can help the operator improve the root canal treatment's success.

Comparison of Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) and Culture Media Conditioned Warton's Jelly (CMCWJ) on Fibroblast Cells Proliferation

Objective: To compare the potency of fibroblast cells proliferation in 12.5% and 25% Culture Media Conditioned Warton's Jelly (CMCWJ) and Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) cultured medium. Material and Methods: Fibroblast cells were divided into five groups: Group I (Control Group): serum-starved fibroblast without any treatment as a negative control; Group II: fibrolast that supplemented in 12.5% CMCWJ medium; Group III: fibrolast that supplemented 12.5% A-PRF medium; Group IV: fibrolast that supplemented 25% CMCWJ medium, and Group V: fibrolast that supplemented 25% A-PRF medium. The fibroblasts proliferation was counted by an automated cell counter. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tamhane test was conducted to analyze the potential fibroblast proliferation differences in different concentration of CMCWJ and A-PRF group. Results: There were no significant differences in the fibroblast cell proliferation between GI and GIV, GII and GIV, GII and GIII, GII and GV, also GIV and GV. There were significant differences between GI and GII, GI and GIII, GI and GV, also GIII and GIV. Conclusion: The 12.5% CMCWJ group, 12.5% A-PRF group and 25% A-PRF group has excellent potential ability of fibroblast cells proliferation, meanwhile 25% CMCWJ group has the lowest mean potency of fibroblast cells proliferation compared to other groups. The 12.5% A-PRF Group has the highest mean of fibroblast cell proliferation amongst other groups.